英国论文reference格式：MALTRA食品的市场描述
与其他作物不同的是，可可只由主要由家庭经营的小型农场种植，它们依赖于传统的耕作方式，没有太多的组织影响力。因此，在最近一段时间里，人们致力于增加可可种植的渠道，以满足全球零售和批发客户的需求。巧克力和相关糖果是可可的主要副产品，因此，该行业的状况必然会影响可可市场，反之亦然。从2006年到2011年，巧克力行业的收入以每年2.1%的速度稳步增长，达到29亿美元。
尽管近年来澳大利亚经济面临衰退，但该国巧克力和糖果行业一直相当坚韧和有韧性。普通消费者可支配收入下降，大宗商品价格波动，进口竞争加剧(Hadjikhani and LaPlaca, 2013)。与此同时，消费者的健康意识也变得相当强，因此它要求可可和可可产品生产商开发创新的产品系列。他们需要了解消费者不断变化的趋势和生活方式，并需要相应地加以适应。然而，研究发现，可可含有许多已知的膳食化合物，可以增强老年人的认知能力，这为可可及其副产品的销售创造了一个潜在的市场。
以下是有关澳大利亚可可市场的一些事实和数据。在2010年至2011年期间，中国石油产量约为430万吨。澳大利亚人每年消费巧克力的总额约为13亿至30亿美元。这使得他们在全球巧克力消费量中排名第九，远远落后于日本、美国和巴西(Ndubisi和Matanda, 2011)。世界上最大的可可生产国是加纳和科特迪瓦。然而，对于中小型运营商来说，它们面临着来自Cadburys、Godrej和雀巢(Nestle)等全球企业的强大挑战和竞争。
英国论文reference格式：MALTRA食品的市场描述
Unlike other crops, cocoa is cultivated only by small farms mainly run by families and they rely on conventional practices of farming and do not have much organizational influence. Hence, in the recent past, there has been a committed surge in the efforts to increase the avenues for cocoa cultivation in order to match the global demand from customers, both retail and wholesale. Chocolates and related confectionery are the main by-products of cocoa and hence, the state of that industry is bound to affect the cocoa market and vice-versa as well. In the period from 2006 to 2011, the revenues from the chocolates industry increased at a rate of 2.1% per annum steadily and touched 2.9 billion USD.
In spite of the economy facing recession in the recent past, the chocolates and confectionary industry in Australia has been quite tough and resilient. The disposable income of the common consumer has dripped down, and the commodity prices have faced volatility and there has been an increasing competition in terms of import (Hadjikhani and LaPlaca, 2013). Consumers have alongside also become quite health conscious and hence it has demanded that the producers of cocoa and cocoa-based products develop innovative product ranges. They need to be conscious of the changing trends and lifestyles of the consumer and need to adapt to them accordingly. Nevertheless, research has found that cocoa has many dietary compounds that are known to enhance the cognition in aged people which creates a prospective and potential market for the sale of cocoa and its by-products.
The following are certain facts and figures related to the Australian cocoa market. Around 4.3 million tonnes were produced in the period between 2010 and 2011. The citizens of Australia consume chocolate to the tune of around 1.3 to 3 billion USD per year. This ranks them the ninth in the global consumption of chocolate, leaving Japan, US and Brazil far behind (Ndubisi and Matanda, 2011). The largest producers of cocoa across the world are Ghana and Ivory Coast. For small and medium sized operators, there is however a strong challenge and competition from global players like Cadburys, Godrej and Nestle to name a few.
