英国毕业论文怎么写：市场进入壁垒的不同形式
进入壁垒以不同的形式存在于不同的市场中。在一些市场中，进入壁垒是由行业中的主导企业造成的，这一点可以被称为一个企业，一个行业。高关税形式的进入壁垒对市场来说是必要的。他们将确保本地生产商、生产商等不受影响。
寡头垄断或垄断市场的主导地位将导致进入壁垒。进入壁垒通常有多种类型，分为两大类:自然或结构性进入壁垒和人为或战略进入壁垒。一些自然进入壁垒或结构性进入壁垒是大规模生产的经济、网络效应、稀缺资源的所有权或控制权、高设置成本、高研发等(Nelson, 2004)。在人为或战略障碍的情况下，其中一些是掠夺性定价、限制性定价、掠夺性收购、转换成本、广告、强势品牌、忠诚度计划等。
英国毕业论文怎么写：市场进入壁垒的不同形式
当生产和单位成本价值捆绑在一起，当产量增加时，产品的单位成本下降，规模经济就会发生。在任何市场中，如果市场中的竞争对手已经造成了市场的规模经济，那么这就是进入壁垒，因为新进入者将不得不努力与这些竞争对手竞争，以达到类似的竞争力水平。另一方面，如果他们降低价格，他们可能得不到利润。总体而言，规模经济有助于降低消费者的价格差异。如果一个国家能够专门生产一种商品，那么它就能够实行规模经济，这有助于控制价格。
英国毕业论文怎么写：市场进入壁垒的不同形式
Entry barriers exist in different markets in different forms. In some markets, entry barriers are created by a dominating business in the industry, which to the point could be called as one business, one industry. Entry barriers in the form of high tariffs are necessary for a market. They will ensure that the local producers, manufactures etc. are not affected.
The oligopoly or the monopoly dominance in a market will result in entry barriers. Entry barriers are usually of many types, classified under two main categories which are that of the natural or structural entry barrier and the artificial or the strategic barrier. Some of the natural entry barriers or the structural entry barriers are that of economies of large scale production, network effects, the ownership or control of scarce resource, high set up costs, high R&D etc (Nelson, 2004). In the case of artificial or strategic barriers, some of them are predatory pricing, limit pricing, predatory acquisition, switching costs, advertising, strong branding, loyalty schemes etc.
英国毕业论文怎么写：市场进入壁垒的不同形式
Economies of scale will happen when production and unit cost values are so tied up that unit cost of product goes down in value when production volume increases. In any market where the competitors in the market have caused economies of scale in the market, then it is a barrier to entry as new entrants will have to strive to compete with these competitors in order to achieve a similar level of competitiveness. On the other hand, if they were to reduce their prices, then they might not get a profit. Economies of scale on an overall are helpful in reducing the price differential for the consumer. Where a country is able to specialize in the production of one good only, then it will be able to practice economies of scale and this helps in the controlling of prices.
