美国论文挂了:新技术
汉斯·K克莱恩和大卫李Klienmann做过广泛的研究“社会技术”的建设(苏格兰)。这项研究的根源可以追溯到文章事实和工件的“社会建设”(Bjiker&Pinch,1987)从这个苏格兰人研究这一领域的研究有了惊人的增长。苏格兰人框架改变了基于四个主要因素。一个是解释灵活性的技术框架的概念。这个概念的一些例子中使用的贡献的改善和发展导弹精度(Mackenzie,1990)和输入获得发展的钢铁(对剧中,1992)。第二个因素是包含的概念相关的社会群体在形成技术结构(捏&Bijker,1987)。第三个因素在发展中社会框架理论的某些结论,然而,它正在与许多团体。许多社会团体聚集在一起会有不同的意识形态和观念。在开发或创建一个新的技术,它变得非常重要带来有利的结果。这最终共识一旦创建一个概念不能被改变。
美国论文挂了:新技术
这个因素是非常重要的对于创建适当的技术框架(Pinch&Bijker,1987)。缩放和bijk说了这个闭包是非常重要的,将是非常有用的,同时使结构设计。第四个因素是包含一个更广泛的概念到这个技术的结构设计。周围的背景工作原理和环境这一理论是非常重要的建立一个新的技术风险。然而这个苏格兰人批评理论框架。的批评是,包含相关社会群体可能不是相关和推广基于一些社会焦点小组不会帮助人们获得一个健康的社会。缩放和bijk也在某种程度上同意这个观点。的定义和社会群体的选择必须包含所有社会的意识形态。这种技术结构可以用作基线结构进一步分析和意识形态可以合并。压力和bijk说用这个作为基础结构补充见解可以合并。这些补充的见解可以铺平道路的发展新技术所需要的人。
美国论文挂了:新技术
Hans K Klien and David Lee Klienmann have done extensive research on the “Social Construction of Technology” (SCOT). The roots of this study dates back to the article “Social construction of Facts and Artifacts” (Bjiker&Pinch, 1987) from this research this field of SCOT study has grown tremendously. The SCOT frameworks have changed based on four major factors. One is the notion of interpretive flexibility to the technological framework. Some of the examples of this notion are the contributions used in the improvement and development of the missile accuracy (Mackenzie, 1990) and the inputs garnered for the development of steel (Misa, 1992). The second contributing factor is the concept of encompassing the pertinent social group in shaping the technological structure (Pinch &Bijker, 1987).The third factor in developing the social framework in the theory of coming with certain conclusions,however, it is working with many groups. Many social groups when brought together will have differing ideologies and perception. While developing or creating a new technology it becomes very important to bring a result that is conducive for all. This final consensus once created for a notion cannot be changed.
美国论文挂了:新技术
This factor is very important for the creating proper technological framework (Pinch&Bijker, 1987).Pinch and Bijker say this closure that is garnered is very important and will be very useful while making structural design. The fourth factor is the inclusion of a wider concept into this technological structure design. The background working theory and the environment surrounding this theory is very important for the creation of a new technological venture. There is however criticism to this SCOT theory framework.The criticism being that the inclusion of the relevant social groups may not be relevant and generalizing a society based on some focus group will not aid the people to get a wholesome picture of the society. Pinch and Bijker also agree to this view to some extent. The definition and the selection of the social group must encompass all the ideologies of the society. This technological structure can be used as a baseline structure from which further analysis and ideologies can be incorporated. Pinch and Bijker says that using this as a base structure supplementary insights can be incorporated. These supplementary insights can pave way for the development of newer technologies that are needed by the people.
