Individualism Vs. Collectivism:
This is the degree to which the individuals are asked to view after themselves or remain combined into groups specifically around the family. Between these poles positioning is the basic issue of all societies which they handle. Collectivism denotes society in which from birth onward people are combined into cohesive and strong in-groups throughout the lifetime of people to secure them in transformation for un-querying loyalty whereas individualism denotes society in which there will be a tie between loose individuals and everyone is expected to view after herself or him and his or her sudden family (Hofstede, 2002, p 225).
a) Motivational orientation: The societies select ways to match with inherent living uncertainty. In this category, Hofstede recognizes 3 dimensions such as: power distance, masculinity vs. femininity and uncertainty avoidance amount.
b) Power Distance: This is the execution part to which less powerful organizational and institutional members accept and expect that power is delivered unequally. The basic issue involved is the human inequality degree that underlies each specific society functioning. In the research of Hofstede’s power distance is measured in PDI (Power Distance Index) (Hofstede, 1991, p. 26). The attitudes and values is identified at the national level contrast of high Power Distance Index countries with less- Power Distance Index countries with some countries fixed in between.
个人主义VS。集体主义：
这是个人在何种程度上要求查看自己或继续结合成组，特别是围绕家庭。这些极点之间的定位是他们处理所有的社会的基本问题。集体主义是指从出生起的人相结合，社会凝聚力和强大的群体在整个一辈子的人，以确保他们在转型查询忠诚度，而个人主义是指社会中，会有松散的个人之间的配合和大家预计后查看自己或他和他或她的家人突然（霍夫斯泰德，2002年，第225）。
一）动机方向：社会选择方式，以配合固有生活的不确定性。在这个类别中，霍夫斯泰德识别等3个维度：权力距离，阳刚之气与阴柔和不确定性规避量。
B）电源的距离：这是执行的一部分，那么强大的组织和机构的成员接受，并期望不平等的权力交付。涉及的基本问题是人类的不平等程度，每一个具体的社会运作的基础。在Hofstede的权力距离的研究测量在权力距离指数（PDI）（霍夫斯泰德，1991年，第26页）。态度和价值观，确定在国家一级对比度高权力距离指数的国家与一些国家之间固定在较低的权力距离指数国家。
