代写文章：新西兰经济发展分析
推动新西兰制造业经济周期的支出类型
经济周期可以定义为经济在衰退期或收缩期、增长期或扩张期出现自然波动的周期。消费者支出、就业水平、利率和GDP等因素可以帮助确定经济周期的当前步骤(Gordon, 2014)。在扩张期间，投资者主要购买基础能源、资本品和技术领域的公司。另一方面，在经济收缩期间，投资者更倾向于从医疗、金融和公用事业行业收购公司。贸易或商业周期与经济增长所面临的波动性有关。在经济运行的不同时期也是如此。这就解释了为什么乘数效应、投资、信心和利率等因素最终会导致经济随着经济周期而波动。
作为一个重要的例子，在1980年代后期，新西兰的经济以每年4%以上的速度迅速增长。然而，这似乎是一个不可持续的领导通货膨胀，随后在90年代早期衰退(checheritage – westphal and Rother, 2012)。
经济周期有四个阶段，即经济增长、经济繁荣、经济衰退和经济衰退。经济增长是实际产出增加的阶段。经济繁荣是经济快速增长的阶段，具有不可持续和通货膨胀的趋势。经济衰退是指增长率下降，经济最终进入下一个阶段即衰退的阶段。衰退是指经济出现负增长，实际产出大幅下降的时期。
下图显示一九八七年至二零一零年期间，按实际开支计算的本地生产总值对数的变动趋势。也,绘制趋势组件的过滤由惠普“֑ƛ”的值为1600。在此期间，考虑到原始水平，实际GDP增长高达178%。从长期趋势来看，新西兰GDP的波动是多方面的。这些统计属性对于描述、定义和分析新西兰制造业商业周期的本质是重要和有用的。
代写文章：新西兰经济发展分析
Type of Spending Driving Economic Cycle in Manufacturing Industry of NZ
The economic cycle can be defined as the cycle in which the economy shows natural fluctuation in the duration of recession or contraction and growth or expansion. Factors like consumer spending, levels of employment, rates of interest and GDP can assist in the determination of the present step of the economic cycle (Gordon, 2014). In the duration of expansion, investors focus on purchasing companies in basic energy, capital goods and technology. On the other hand, in the duration of contraction, investors show preference in purchasing companies from the industry of healthcare, financials and utilities. The trade or business cycle is in relation with the volatility faced in the growth of economy. This also is true for the varying periods through which the economy moves. This provides an explanation as to why factors like multiplier effect, investment, confidence and interest rates end up causing the economy to make a move by economic cycles.
As a significant example, during the later years of 1980s, New Zealand has been experiencing rapid growth of economy by more than 4 per cent in a year. However, this appears to be an unsustainable leadership of inflation, followed by a recession during the early years of 1990s (Checherita-Westphal and Rother, 2012).
There are four phases of the business cycle that are growth of economy, boom of economy, downturn of economy and recession. Economic growth is the phase in which there is an increase in real output. Economic boom is the phase in which there is fast growth of economy, with the tendency of being unsustainable and inflationary. Economic downturn is the phase in which there is a fall in the rate of growth and the economy ends up moving towards the next phase that is recession. Recession is the period involving negative growth of economy and considerable decrease in real output.
The figure below depicts the shifting trend in logarithm of GDP based on real expenditure between the period of 1987 and 2010. Also, there has been plotting of the trend component filtered by HP for “֑ƛ” that has a value of 1600. In this duration, there has been a growth in real GDP up to 178 per cent when considering the original level. The GDP of New Zealand can be categorized by various fluctuations in its trend of long term. These statistical attributes are significant and useful for describing, defining and analyzing the nature of business cycles of manufacturing industry in New Zealand.
